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Ödön Márffy (born Budapest 30 November 1878; died Budapest 3 December 1959) was a Hungarian painter, one of The Eight in Budapest, credited with bringing cubism, Fauvism and expressionism to the country. ==Biography== Following a short basic training, he obtained a grant to study art in Paris, from the autumn of 1902. He started as a student of Jean-Paul Laurens at the Académie Julian, as did numerous several modern-minded Hungarian painters after him, but a few months later, ostensibly for financial reasons, he transferred to the École des Beaux-Arts. There Fernand Cormon was his teacher. With classmates they often went to Ambroise Vollard’s art dealership together, where Márffy was most impressed by the pictures of Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard, Georges Rouault and Georges Braque. He claims to have met Matisse in 1905, who had been sent down from the École des Beaux-Arts, but would return there from time to time, and to have visited him in his studio once. Márffy's time in Paris was crucial for his artistic development and later career, not only because he gained familiarity with French painters and students, but also of his connections with other Hungarian artists: Béla Czóbel, Róbert Berény and Bertalan Pór, later members of the Eight (Nyolcak) with him. In addition, he met the philosopher of art Lajos Fülep, the writer and critic György Bölöni, who wrote about the new art, and the poet Endre Ady, all of whom later also returned to Budapest. In 1906, the last year of his stay in France, Márffy exhibited with fauvists at the ''Salon d'Automne'' of Paris. Back in Budapest, in March 1907, Márffy exhibited the works he made in France in the Uránia art dealership, in the company of Lajos Gulácsy, at a show that received very good reviews. The success of this exhibition brought him the friendship of József Rippl-Rónai and Károly Kernstok. Rippl-Rónai, who had lived in France and was one of the ''Nabis'', invited the young painter to Kaposvár. Due to his support, Márffy became a founding member of MIÉNK (''Magyar Impresszionisták és Naturalisták Köre'' – Circle of Hungarian Impressionists and Naturalists). Károly Kernstok, a well-established painter who led The Eight, invited Marffy to his inherited property in Nyergesújfalu. There Márffy worked at art, exploring fauvism. From late 1909, Márffy actively participated with the group of artists who seceded from the MIÉNK, and were to become famous as The Eight (''A Nyolcak''). Other members were Róbert Berény, Dezső Czigány, Béla Czóbel, Károly Kernstok, Dezső Orbán, Bertalan Pór and Lajos Tihanyi. They had their first exhibit together in 1909. In 1911 they held their first exhibit under the name of ''The Eight.'' Their first exhibit opened on 30 December 1909, at the Könyves Kálmán Salon (Budapest), under the title ''New Pictures.'' Their second exhibition – already entitled ''The Eight'' – opened in April 1911 in the National Salon. While the Eight as a group had only three exhibitions in total, they were involved in all the new intellectual movements, and were part of evenings with new Hungarian literature and contemporary music. Contributors included many writers associated with the journal ''Nyugat'' (Endre Ady (d. 1919), Dezső Kosztolányi), and the music was by the most modern composers: for instance, Bartók Béla and Kodály Zoltán. Between 1909-1914, Márffy’s painting was constantly transforming. The exalted, fauvist brushwork gave way, in his landscapes, nudes, still lifes and portraits, to an increasingly rigorous mode of composition. The disciplined, constructivist approach would be loosened up in the second half of the decade by increasingly expressionistic solutions, thanks in part to his encounter with Oskar Kokoschka. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ödön Márffy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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